SUN-175 - Presence and Effects of Microplastics in Human Reproductive Tissues: A Systematic Review

Microplastics (MPs) and nanoplastics (NPs) are detected in multiple human organ systems, including female and male reproductive tissues, posing challenges to fertility. The objective of this systematic review was twofold: (1) identify and characterize MPs and NPs in human reproductive tissues and (2) examine their potential impacts on ovarian reserve markers and sperm quality. Using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, a comprehensive search of PubMed and Embase was conducted from inception to September 2025. In total, seventeen studies were included. Of these, seven focused on female reproductive tissues, specifically follicular fluid and granulosa cells. Nine studies analyzed male reproductive tissues, including the testes, epididymis, and seminal fluid. Only one study included both male and female reproductive tissues. Overall, MPs and NPs were detected in follicular fluid, testes, epididymis, and seminal fluid. Exposure of MPs and NPs to sperm, seminal fluid, and cultured granulosa cells was positively associated with key metabolic pathway disruption, increased oxidative stress, and apoptosis. Several studies determined associations between exposure to MPs and NPs and decreased sperm motility, volume, and concentration, as well as abnormal morphology; however, few reported similar significant correlations between exposure to MPs and NPs and ovarian reserve markers or reproductive outcomes. This systematic review concludes that MPs and NPs can accumulate in human reproductive tissues and potentially cause molecular-level changes. Additional research into this space is needed to better understand the implications of MPs and NPs on fertility and reproductive outcomes.

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