SUN-217 - Study on the Effects of Individualized Fixed-Duration Exercise Intervention on Physical Health and Metabolic Status in Overweight and Obese Children and Adolescents

Background: Currently, there are 159 million children worldwide suffering from obesity. Obesity can lead to the development of a series of related complications, posing a serious threat. Therefore, early intervention is necessary to prevent and control overweight and obesity in this population.

Purpose: To compare the differences in body composition and metabolic status between overweight/obese children and adolescents and those with normal weight, and to evaluate the improvement effects of individualized fixed-duration exercise intervention on physical health and metabolic indicators in children and adolescents.

Methods: Twenty-four fourth-grade students in Mentougou District, Beijing, China were selected as the study subjects. divided into two groups based on age-specific body mass index. Baseline data were collected, and then a 12-week individualized fixed-duration exercise intervention plan was developed. After the intervention, the same data were collected again, and self-controlled pre-post comparisons were conducted using statistical software.

Results: Compared to the normal-weight group, the overweight/obese group showed significantly higher levels of body and visceral fat, uric acid, triglycerides, fasting C-peptide and insulin, while high-density lipoprotein was lower. After intervention, uric acid significantly decreased in both groups, and muscle mass and fat-free weight increased in the overweight/obese group. In proteomics, compared to the normal-weight group, the overweight/obese group exhibited 140 upregulated differentially expressed proteins and 381 downregulated differentially expressed proteins. Among these, 227 downregulated proteins were upregulated after the exercise intervention. KEGG analysis revealed enrichment primarily in pathways related to autoimmune diseases and immune system functions. In metabolomics, OPLS-DA models indicated significant differences between the two groups (R2X=0.283, R2Y=0.997, Q2=0.757), as well as within the normal-weight group before and after the intervention (R2X=0.246, R2Y=0.987, Q2=0.83) and within the overweight/obese group before and after the intervention (R2X=0.367, R2Y=0.999, Q2= 0.859). KEGG analysis revealed that the differential metabolites in the normal weight group before and after intervention were mainly enriched in pathways such as α-linolenic acid and phenylalanine metabolism, while those in the overweight/obese group of adolescents were enriched in pathways including cytochrome P450 and α-linolenic acid.

Conclusion: There are differences in uric acid, glucose and lipid metabolism, metabolomics, and proteomics between overweight/obese children and normal-weight children. A 12-week individualized fixed-duration exercise intervention program can effectively improve muscle mass and uric acid, and can modulate the Proteome and Metabolome.

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